Lugo Lab
Location and Contact Information
Principal Investigator
Welcome to the Lugo Lab! In this lab, we have a passion for understanding how early life shapes neurodevelopment. We are particularly interested in two things: (1) perinatal factors that increase children’s risk for ADHD and self-regulation problems, and (2) early life factors that protect children from ADHD and self-regulation problems. Our research aims to understand the protective factors that confer resilience to perinatal risk and allow young children and families to thrive, despite facing significant adversity.
We use a number of techniques to answer our research questions, the most common being developmental neuroimaging. We look at brain structure and function (via Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI and electroencephalography or EEG) in children’s brains as they grow up, starting in utero and all the way through middle childhood. A lot of our studies image children’s brains when they are babies. We hope that by looking at the brain so early in life, we get to see how prenatal exposures and experiences shape that brain, independently from the influence of the postnatal world. Because we care about the development of early risk and resilience, our studies are longitudinal, and most of them follow pregnant people and their children early in life. We also use several other measures, including biomarkers, clinical interviews, and behavioral assessments.
Central to the lab is the idea that the families and communities hold the key to their well-being, and that understanding their sources of resilience and strength is critical to shaping public policy to help families thrive. We are strongly committed to understanding risk and resilience in racial and ethnic minoritized communities.
In this lab, we believe that science is best served when all voices are included. We strongly believe that diversity, equity, and inclusion are indispensable to the development of sound science and public health. We are committed to mentoring and training and hold ourselves to be strong advocates for increasing access to higher education and increasing the representation of minoritized and intentionally excluded communities within the STEM fields.
Lab Members
Neriah Jones, MPH
- Senior Project Manager
Neriah Jones, MPH, is a passionate researcher and advocate for health equity and social justice with over 10 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained her undergraduate degree in Health Sciences from Long Island University and more recently earned her Master of Public Health at CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy. Before joining the Lugo Lab, Neriah I was involved in program development and education programming for community health centers and community-based organizations throughout New York City. This work focused on helping to connect New Yorkers with limited access, to free mental health resources and mental health care. In her current role as the Senior Project Manager, she assists in the coordination and implementation of research projects to better understand the mechanisms underlying typical development and psychiatric disease in infants and young children. As Neriah continues to grow as a public health professional, she hopes to continue participating in research that seeks to understand harmful health risks in racial and ethnic minoritized communities. Neriah also hopes that this research will help influence evidence-based policies and practices to mitigate health disparities in these communities.
Parinaz Babaeeghazvini
- MRI Data Analyst
Parinaz is a Ph.D. student in Neuroscience at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam working towards a MSC degree in Electrical engineering with emphasis on signal processing. She has worked with brain imaging modalities (EEG, dMRI, MRI, and fMRI) since 2012, her expertise is in applying quantitative techniques to break down structural and functional brain imaging data and study functional and structural networks/connectivity. Her Ph.D. research is focused on bimanual coordination in older adults and finding the relationship between their poor motor performance, and functional and structural connectivity of the brain in the motor regions. Parinaz joined the Lugo Lab in May 2022 to work on infant MRIs, and would like to continue her research in different brain functional and structural disorders and neurodegeneration diseases.
AJ Crandall, BA
- Research Assistant
AJ (Abigail) Crandall is a 2022 graduate of the New York University College of Arts and Science, with a BA in Psychology with a minor in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Studies. During undergrad, she volunteered at the Conceptual Development and Social Cognition Lab (CDSC) at NYU. While there, she worked primarily on studies investigating young children’s emerging racial and gender biases and the factors that influence their development. Some of AJ’s research interests include sleep as well as environmental impacts on children’s neurodevelopment. In addition, she aspires to attend graduate school in the future.
Jaimie Lee, BA
- Research Assistant
Jaimie Lee holds a BA in both Psychology and Human Health from Emory University. Prior to joining the Lugo Lab, she was a research aide at the Center for Maternal Substance Abuse and Child Development (MSACD), where she was involved in the data collection and entry for the Adult Health Study, which examined the long-term effects of maternal substance use on fetus’ neurobehavioral and health outcomes. Jaimie’s research interests lie in how the prenatal environment impacts one’s mental and physical health and how these effects can last throughout the lifespan and across generations. She seeks to bring attention to ethnic and racial minorities, who are often underrepresented in research and science. In addition to her research work, Jaimie volunteers as a Crisis Counselor at Crisis Text Line to bring people in distress to a calmer state and offer emotional support through coping skills and resources. She strives to become a clinical psychologist involved in both research and clinical work.
Mia Ayala Garcia, BA
- Research Assistant
Mia Ayala Garcia graduated from Washington University in St. Louis in 2023 with a BA in Neuroscience. During her undergraduate studies, she was a volunteer RA research assistant at the WUNDER Lab at WashU. She was involved in data collection and entry for studies that investigated how mothers’ experiences during pregnancy may affect their well-being and their children's early life development through interviews and MRI’s. Mia’s research interests include prenatal sleep and how a child’s environment and access to resources can impact their development. Mia hopes to continue to explore her interests in research by attending graduate school in the future.
Farah Mahmud, Ph.D
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Farah Mahmud, Ph.D., is a T32 postdoctoral research fellow working under the mentorship of Dr. Claudia Lugo-Candelas. She received a B.A. in neuroscience from Wellesley College, a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Montclair State University in 2024, and she completed her predoctoral clinical internship at Boston Children's Hospital. Her dissertation research focused on symptoms and mechanisms of anxiety specific to childhood autism. Currently, she is interested in investigating protective environmental factors in childhood that support positive mental health and development in neurodivergent youth. Overall, Farah is passionate about using culturally and neurodiversity affirming frameworks in her research and clinical work to help improve long-term outcomes of youth and families from historically marginalized backgrounds.
Temitope Akinade, BS
- Medical Student
Tope Akinade graduated from Columbia University in 2019 with a BS in biomedical engineering. During college, she discovered her passion for public health and health disparities research. She was a research fellow at the Blavatnik Family Women’s Health Research Institute at Mount Sinai and worked on systematic review on the influence of racial-ethnic discrimination on women’s health care. After graduating, she worked as a research assistant at the Guttmacher Institute for two years where she conducted sexual and reproductive health research. She is currently a fourth-year medical student at Columbia. She has an interest in the intersection between maternal and child mental health and plans to pursue a career in psychiatry. Tope joined the Lugo Lab in July of 2024 to conduct a research project on the relationship between parental leave and infant sleep health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In her spare time, she enjoys baking, practicing yoga, going to workout classes, learning languages, and taking long walks.
Pearl Ayiku, BS
- Research Volunteer
Pearl Ayiku is a second-year Master’s Student from Teachers College, Columbia University studying Clinical Psychology. She holds a B.S. in Psychology with minors in Counselor Education and Music from the University of South Carolina. She is particularly interested in examining the importance of community spaces and the environmental determinants of perinatal health in marginalized communities. Outside the lab, she enjoys reading, cooking, thrifting, and crafting.
Nicole Holbrook, BA
- Research Volunteer
Nicole Holbrook is currently a research volunteer at the Lugo Lab and holds a BA in Psychology from Lehman College. Before joining the Lugo Lab, she worked as a research assistant at the Research Foundation of CUNY, where she was involved in data collection, entry, and analysis for a study on sleep and mental health among youth experiencing homelessness. Nicole’s research interests include resilience, hope, emotions, and sleep quality, particularly as these factors impact individuals within minority populations, including youth facing homelessness and those affected by socioeconomic disparities. In addition to her research role, Nicole serves as a Crisis Counselor at Crisis Text Line, where she supports individuals in crisis by guiding them toward a calmer state and offering emotional support through coping strategies and relevant resources. She aspires to become a clinical psychologist with expertise in both research and clinical practice and plans to apply to Clinical Psychology programs.
Emily Phillips
- Research Volunteer
Emily Phillips is a research volunteer at the Lugo Lab. She is currently a junior at Columbia University studying Neuroscience and Behavior. Prior to joining the Lugo Lab, she interned at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine investigating the use of monocyte-derived dendritic cells as a therapeutic for achieving the long-term suppression of HIV-1. Emily is also a teaching assistant in the Columbia University Department of Psychology and serves on the executive board of the American Medical Student Association and Students for Global Health Equity & Medicine. Her primary research interests include rural medicine accessibility, maternal and fetal health, and neuroimmunology, and she hopes to one day obtain an MD/MPH.
Christina Quinones
- Research Volunteer
Christina Quinones (She/her) is a research volunteer at the Lugo Lab. She is currently a sophomore at Columbia College studying Cognitive Science and Public Health. She’s interested in how biological, social, cultural factors influence neurological development, as well as creating equal access to mental health resources. Her experience in working with children has fueled her passion in child psychology and opened her eyes to the inequalities in availability of services. In the future she hopes to be a Cognitive Scientist to pursue research in cognitive development, in addition to working in policy to promote the protection and health of the public.
Lugo Lab Alumni
Mariely Hernandez, PhD
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Alice Smaniotto Aizza, BA
- Research Coordinator
Bina Aaronson
- Research Volunteer
Lin Garih
- Research Volunteer
Nathalie De Leon, BA
- Research Volunteer
Isaac Deitz-Green, BA
- Research Volunteer
Kay (Zhiqi) Zhang, BA
- Research Volunteer
Madeline Nelkin, BA
- Research Volunteer
Zion Irving
- High School Research Volunteer
Nathaly Olivares, BA
- Research Volunteer
Connie Huang
- Research Volunteer
Nafeesa Malhi
- Research Volunteer
Select Publications
Meinhofer A, Hinde JM, Keyes KM, Lugo-Candelas C. Association of Comorbid Behavioral and Medical Conditions With Cannabis Use Disorder in Pregnancy. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 1;79(1):50-58. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3193. PubMed PMID: 34730782; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8567186.
Lugo-Candelas C, Polanco-Roman L, Duarte CS. Intergenerational Effects of Racism: Can Psychiatry and Psychology Make a Difference for Future Generations?. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 Oct 1;78(10):1065-1066. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1852. PubMed PMID: 34319368; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8802140.
Brown HR, Hareli M, Breaux R, Lugo-Candelas CI, Gair SL, Harvey EA, McDermott JM. Behavioral and Neural Markers of Emotion Competence as Predictors of Later Psychopathology in Children With and Without Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms. J Atten Disord. 2021 Aug;25(10):1395-1406. doi: 10.1177/1087054720903366. Epub 2020 Feb 21. PubMed PMID: 32081059.
Lugo-Candelas C, Corbeil T, Wall M, Posner J, Bird H, Canino G, Fisher PW, Suglia SF, Duarte CS. ADHD and risk for subsequent adverse childhood experiences: understanding the cycle of adversity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Aug;62(8):971-978. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13352. Epub 2020 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 33289088; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8169708.
Baker BH, Lugo-Candelas C, Wu H, Laue HE, Boivin A, Gillet V, Aw N, Rahman T, Lepage JF, Whittingstall K, Bellenger JP, Posner J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA. Association of Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Measured in Meconium With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Mediated by Frontoparietal Network Brain Connectivity. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Nov 1;174(11):1073-1081. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3080. PubMed PMID: 32986124; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7522774.
Lugo-Candelas C, Pang Y, Lee S, Cha J, Hong S, Ranzenhofer L, Korn R, Davis H, McInerny H, Schebendach J, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Walsh BT, Posner J, Rosenbaum M, Mayer L. Differences in brain structure and function in children with the FTO obesity-risk allele. Obes Sci Pract. 2020 Aug;6(4):409-424. doi: 10.1002/osp4.417. eCollection 2020 Aug. PubMed PMID: 32874676; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7448161.
Bush NR, Wakschlag LS, LeWinn KZ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Nozadi SS, Pieper S, Lewis J, Biezonski D, Blair C, Deardorff J, Neiderhiser JM, Leve LD, Elliott AJ, Duarte CS, Lugo-Candelas C, O'Shea TM, Avalos LA, Page GP, Posner J. Family Environment, Neurodevelopmental Risk, and the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Initiative: Looking Back and Moving Forward. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:547. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00547. eCollection 2020. Review. PubMed PMID: 32636769; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7318113.